One of the most noticeable signs of iodine deficiency is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. The thyroid gland may become visibly swollen in the neck area, causing discomfort or difficulty swallowing or breathing.
Iodine deficiency can lead to low thyroid hormone levels, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and feelings of lethargy. Individuals with iodine deficiency may experience persistent tiredness despite adequate rest.
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. Insufficient iodine levels can lead to an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), which may cause unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
Iodine deficiency can affect the health of the skin, leading to dryness, flakiness, and rough patches. In severe cases, the skin may become thickened or coarse, a condition known as myxedema.
Insufficient thyroid hormone production due to iodine deficiency can disrupt the normal growth cycle of hair follicles, leading to hair thinning, shedding, or even bald patches.
Hypothyroidism resulting from iodine deficiency can reduce the body's ability to regulate temperature, leading to increased sensitivity to cold temperatures and a feeling of being cold even in warm environments.
Iodine deficiency can affect hormone levels, potentially leading to irregular menstrual cycles in women. It may cause changes in the frequency, duration, or intensity of menstrual periods.
Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and function. Iodine deficiency, particularly during pregnancy and infancy, can lead to cognitive impairment, developmental delays, and lower IQ levels in children.