Excess fat around the upper abdomen, particularly visceral fat, is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. This type of fat can release inflammatory substances and fatty acids into the bloodstream, leading to cardiovascular issues.
Upper belly fat is strongly linked to insulin resistance, which is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Having excess fat around the abdomen can contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension). This is because visceral fat can disrupt the body's hormone balance and impair blood vessel function, leading to elevated blood pressure.
Accumulation of fat in the liver, known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is closely associated with upper belly fat. NAFLD can lead to liver inflammation, scarring (cirrhosis), and even liver failure if left untreated.
Individuals with excess upper belly fat are at a higher risk of experiencing a stroke. The presence of visceral fat can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can lead to blood clots and blockages in the brain's blood vessels.
Upper belly fat can exert pressure on the diaphragm and chest cavity, making it difficult to breathe properly. This can contribute to conditions such as sleep apnea, which is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.
Carrying excess weight around the abdomen can put strain on the joints, particularly in the lower back, hips, and knees. This can lead to chronic pain and increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis.
Some studies suggest that excess abdominal fat, especially visceral fat, may increase the risk of certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer (in women), and pancreatic cancer.